The archipelago lies off the mainland coast and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (commonly referred to as Zanzibar) and Pemba. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on Unguja. Its historic center, Stone Town, is a World Heritage Site.

The Portuguese invasion and control of the Swahili Coast in the late 16th century marked the end of the golden age of the archipelago. However, the Omani Arabs regained power less than a century later. Today, Stone Town retains its historic charm, with winding streets and high townhouses. Visitors can explore landmarks such as the sultan’s palace, the House of Wonders, the Portuguese fort and gardens, the merchants’ houses, and the Turkish baths. Day-long spice tours to working plantations provide a chance to witness the cultivation of cloves, vanilla, nutmeg, cinnamon, and other spices that have made the island famous.

Zanzibar’s coastline is renowned for some of the world's best beaches. On the east coast, waves break over coral reefs and sand bars, and low tide reveals small pools of starfish, minnows, and anemones. On the north coast, ocean swimming is less affected by tides, and smooth beaches with white sand offer dazzling days in the sun.

Stone Town, dominating the west coast, is close to the beaches of Mangapwani, where slave caves are visible at low tide, and nearby Bububu. While these are within a half-hour drive, the east and north coasts offer a more tranquil escape, well worth the extra travel time. The Chole Island Marine Park off Stone Town, along with Prison, Grave, and Snake Islands, makes for a refreshing day trip and a break from exploring the old city's winding passageways.

On the south coast lies the Menai Bay Conservation Area, a protected area for endangered sea turtles that breed on the island. Roads to the southeast coast pass through the Jozani Forest, home to Zanzibar’s rare Red Colobus monkeys and other primates and small antelope species.